TL;DR: This article provides an in-depth look into audio recording and production principles. Covering concepts from the Acoustic Decibel in Sound Pressure Language, the function of mixers, phase and phase cancellation, echo, reverb, resonance, to the Fletcher Munson Curve, you’ll get a clear understanding of how each element contributes to a quality audio production.
Introduction: Audio recording and production isn’t just about hitting the record button and tweaking some settings. It involves understanding intricate principles, like how sound pressure levels impact our perception of loudness, and how elements like phase and resonance shape the audio we produce. This article will walk you through these audio recording and production principles, offering a deeper understanding of each component.
- Acoustic Decibel in Sound Pressure Language: Sound pressure is commonly measured in decibels (dB). For instance, 0 dB(spl) signifies silence, while 50 dB(spl) approximates a whisper. A rock concert could reach up to 100 dB(spl), and the threshold for pain is 140 dB(spl). Our body protects against sudden sounds above 140 dB(spl) using a tiny flapper muscle. However, over time, this protection can weaken, making hearing protection crucial.
- Understanding Mixers: The term ‘U’ signifies Unity, which equates to 0 dB (spl). This term is frequently found on mixers, indicating that input and output levels are balanced. Mixers are typically set in 10s, so adding 10 dB makes the sound twice as loud, while subtracting 10 dB halves the loudness.
- Phase and Phase Cancellation: Phase cancellation occurs when the peaks and troughs between sound sources cancel each other out. This phenomenon happens because a speaker coil can’t push and pull simultaneously. Playing with phase can help in manipulating the audio output.
- Echo, Reverb, and Resonance: Echo refers to long reflections that can be discerned as separate events, while reverb describes quick reflections measured in milliseconds, known for adding warmth and spatial dimension to audio. Resonance pertains to vibrations at resonant frequencies that can either be below or above the root frequency.
- Fletcher Munson Curve: The Fletcher Munson Curve is a frequency response graph for the human ear. It suggests that high and low-end signals need to be boosted to sound as loud as midtones, given our ears are more sensitive to conversation frequencies. When all levels increase, the ear’s response flattens out, emphasizing the need for adjusting mixes for different spaces and listening situations.
Conclusion: Grasping these audio recording and production principles enables you to create audio with more depth, resonance, and overall quality. From understanding the nuances of sound pressure to leveraging the intricacies of phase and resonance, and adhering to the Fletcher Munson Curve, each aspect plays a vital role in shaping the audio that resonates with listeners. With this knowledge, you can craft audio that not only sounds good but also aligns perfectly with your production goals.